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Table of Contents Vol:3 Issue 2/2013

WOMEN OF THE 21ST CENTURY – BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, LEADERSHIP AND FAMILY

DEFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND THE LACK OF COMMUNICATION – MAIN CAUSES OF SECURITY CRISES BETWEEN COMMUNITIES BELONGING TO DIFFERENT CULTURES
Mihail ORZEAŢĂ

ABOUT ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY IN CONOTATIV LANGUAGE
Aura BRIŞCARU

OBSERVATIONS UPON THE CLITICS OF THE DATIVE CASE IN ROMANIAN
Maria-Magdalena JIANU

TEACHING YOUNG LEARNERS TO EFFICIENTLY COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH
Adrian BRUNELLO, Florina‑Elena BORŞAN

FROM THE THEOLOGICAL SPEECH OF A TEACHER INFLUENCED BY ŞAGUNA: SIMEON POPESCU
Corina TEODOR

NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI
George FOCA‑RODI

THE MAIN TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL
Dumitru POPA

THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS – ATTAINING A HIGHER LEVEL BY MEANS OF THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Irina Eleonora MELINTE

THE MAIN TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL
Dumitru POPA

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE OF SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITY
Bogdan POPOVENIUC

SUPEREROGATORY ACTIONS AND THEIR MORAL VALUE
Laura CIUBOTARAŞU–PRICOP

HUMANITAS ROMANA AND EDICTUM MEDIOLANENSE. INTER‑CONDITIONALITIES AND TRANSITIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF EQUITY AND TOLERANCE
Iulian‑Gabriel HRUŞCĂ

HUMAN RIGHTS AND AMERICAN TRADITIONS
Alexandru BOBOC‑COJOCARU

THE CIVILISATION DIALOGUE IN THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS: S.P. HUNTINGTON THEORY AFTER 20 YEARS
Aurelian LAVRIC

RECONTEXTUALIZATION OF HUMAN IDENTITY BY APPLYING COMMUNICATION‑COMMUNION BINOMINAL
Mina‑Maria RUSU

WOMEN OF THE 21ST CENTURY – BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, LEADERSHIP AND FAMILY

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It seems to be a common belief that a woman must think like a man, act like a lady, look like a girl and work like a horse.
Speaking about man vs. women leadership, one must distinguish between female aspect of leadership: pull leadership, delegating, participative, encouraging, inspiring, motivating and male aspect of leadership: pushing people, enforcing regulations, creating obligations, setting rules, put limitations, corporate behavior.
Therefore, why is the world not lead by women?

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DEFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND THE LACK OF COMMUNICATION – MAIN CAUSES OF SECURITY CRISES BETWEEN COMMUNITIES BELONGING TO DIFFERENT CULTURES

Mihail ORZEAŢĂ    << Back to contents

Abstract:Lack of communication is another way of naming indirect communication. When someone, be it individual or community, accuses lack of communication between or among people as well as communities, then we should understand that, the accusation goes to the ones who decided to renounce to use direct communication because people communicates all the time verbally, written or trough their actions, positions and so on.
Indirect communication causes most of the problems among people and communities. Sometimes intermediaries are guilty for altering messages as a result of negligence, lack of skills or bad intentions. Other times messages are intentionally altered by the parts involved into the process of communication in order to confuse, to deceive or to manipulate the opposing part or even public opinion.
Decision makers may or may not understand correctly the meaning of messages received from the opposing part. That is why they, and their advisers as well, have to possess good skills and enough experience in dealing with international business. Otherwise wrong interpretation could create crisis and even violent confrontations.
Keywords: communication, mass‑media, international politics, conflicts, wars.

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ABOUT ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY IN CONOTATIV LANGUAGE

Aura BRIŞCARU    << Back to contents

Abstract:The article intends to put into question the relationship between the organizational identity and identification in the context of changing the paradigms of work. Organizational identity and identification are social constructs that signify the more or less conscious agreement as well as the availability of individuals‑organizational members to transfer their physical, cognitive and affective capacity towards an entity called ‘organisation’. This is a dynamic process that involves a complex social space and the incidence of multiple‑specific variables that, together, make up the organization. The economic globalization and digitization of our time have profoundly altered the default patterns and organizational archetypes. Progressively, the organizational identification erodes as well. The article draws attention on some of the risks linked to the consistency of the organisational entity in the new economic context of postmodern culture.
Keywords: identification and organizational identity, organization, work patterns.

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OBSERVATIONS UPON THE CLITICS OF THE DATIVE CASE IN ROMANIAN

Maria-Magdalena JIANU    << Back to contents

Abstract:In the list of morphological litigations, a special position is occupied by the semanticosyntactic and pragmatic status of certain clitics of the dative, more precisely of the pronominal forms accepted in the literature of the field as representations of the ethical dative. According to DSL1, ethical dative is defined as a special utilization of the clitical forms of dative of the personal pronoun, characterized by the loss of any anaphorical function and charged with a special stylistic and pragmatic function. These segments are attached to the verb, for evidencing the emotional participation of the locutor to the action or for rousing the interest of the interlocutor in it.

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TEACHING YOUNG LEARNERS TO EFFICIENTLY COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH

Adrian BRUNELLO, Florina‑Elena BORŞAN    << Back to contents

Abstract:Teaching English in the primary classroom can be both a rewarding and a demanding experience. To make this experience easier for both learners and teachers we must try to identify what learning a language in school requires for young children and what it can offer them. One should also discover what implications these particular demands and needs have for teachers. Young children need to feel secure and know that there is some obvious reason for using English. Therefore teachers have to motivate them to acquire as much information as possible in order to be able to communicate fluently using the foreign language. This article focuses on the way in which children learn English and on their motivations for gathering the necessary language knowledge.
Keywords: communication, language teaching, young learners.

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FROM THE THEOLOGICAL SPEECH OF A TEACHER INFLUENCED BY ŞAGUNA: SIMEON POPESCU

Corina TEODOR    << Back to contents

Abstract:The present study proposes an analysis of the intellectual formation and historiographic creation of a historian and theologian, today almost completely forgot. Simeon Popescu is part of a generation educated in the spirit of Şaguna’s beliefs and the fact that these youngsters attended some European Universities gave them an important advantage over the former teachers at the Sibiu Theological Institute. The adolescence spent by Simeon Popescu in a school in Blaj and later on the rigour that he found at the University of Leipzig, will strongly influence him, making him part of the generation that had already displayed a strong critical spirit, but it also made him tolerant to the Greek Catholic Church and its history. His works reflect his interest for the historical truth, thorough documentation and the role of history in understanding the present.
Keywords: ecclesiastic historiography, Orthodox Theology, Simeon Popescu, Andrei Şaguna, theological education.

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NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI

George FOCA‑RODI    << Back to contents

Abstract: The author reminds readers about the significance of Machiavelli, considered the first politician to discuss sincerely the need for unethical behavior, if a leader of a city, state or a country, wants to be successful. Using deceit, cruelty, even murder when necessary, will help him and the people he leads, survive all kind of dangers.
Keywords: The Prince, Medici, Cesare Borgia, Machiavellianism.

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THE MAIN TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

Dumitru POPA    << Back to contents

Abstract: The European Council is the organization in which all European countries that adhere to democratic ideals can find themselves to jointly examine any European matter. The more important political, economic and social events in Europe’s life are the object of thorough discussions within the European Council. About these matters, the Council adopts different acts. Within this activity of drawing up and adopting by member states of the Council of numerous international conventions resides the legislative, international, function of the Council. The conventions adopted under the aegis of the Council only bring together the member states which have accepted them, through ratification or in holding by them. During its existence, the European Council has had a prodigious activity, especially in what concerns the adoption of extremely important documents. Thus, over 150 European conventions and treaties have been adopted.
These instruments, mandatory for the member states, are made whole by an ensemble of recommendations which express the will of the member state to cooperate in a fruitful manner to find solutions for the great collaboration problems with which over 400 million Europeans are confronted.
Keywords: progressive institutional process, supranational structures, economic solidarity, common institutional system, systematic cooperation, Schengen Agreement.

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THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS – ATTAINING A HIGHER LEVEL BY MEANS OF THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

Irina Eleonora MELINTE    << Back to contents

Abstract: The fact that we all are looking for happiness it is an undeniable reality. Some even say that this is the goal each of us is pursuing in everything we are undertaking.
This subject is of the same importance nowadays.
In the Dialogues on Happiness Socrates demonstrates that happiness does not depend on external things, but rather on how those things are used. So, he tends to make each of us responsible for our own happiness, which can be reached through virtue and wisdom.
Nevertheless, we have transferred the power to the state to take decisions which can have quite an impact on our lives.
In this paper we explore how the European Union, through the Charter of Fundamental Rights provides the premises of the pursuit of happiness.
Keywords: pursuit of happiness, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, pyramid of needs.

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THE MAIN TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

Dumitru POPA    << Back to contents

Abstract: The European Council is the organization in which all European countries that adhere to democratic ideals can find themselves to jointly examine any European matter. The more important political, economic and social events in Europe’s life are the object of thorough discussions within the European Council. About these matters, the Council adopts different acts. Within this activity of drawing up and adopting by member states of the Council of numerous international conventions resides the legislative, international, function of the Council. The conventions adopted under the aegis of the Council only bring together the member states which have accepted them, through ratification or in holding by them. During its existence, the European Council has had a prodigious activity, especially in what concerns the adoption of extremely important documents. Thus, over 150 European conventions and treaties have been adopted.
These instruments, mandatory for the member states, are made whole by an ensemble of recommendations which express the will of the member state to cooperate in a fruitful manner to find solutions for the great collaboration problems with which over 400 million Europeans are confronted.
Keywords: progressive institutional process, supranational structures, economic solidarity, common institutional system, systematic cooperation, Schengen Agreement.

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CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE OF SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITY

Bogdan POPOVENIUC    << Back to contents

Abstract: The paper focuses on two linked key issues of contemporary scientific culture. In the first place, is the lack of concern on the reified character of contemporary science which narrows the level of self‑awareness of scientists. The cast or guilt structures, as we are witnessing in the practices modern scientific throughout all domains and scientific associations, altogether with accompanying process of over‑specialization compromise this essential feature of scientific objectivity. The specialized knowledge deepens, but deforms the understanding and needs balance. For objective and truthful knowledge is not enough to follow blindly the scientific methods, but to be unaware about the meaning and particularity of general perspective and its inter‑relatedness and consistency with the other complementary knowledge. Second, the necessity of broaden the theoretical perspective and general way of thinking in any field of science, above all in natural and engineering sciences, in respect with the complexity of human consciousness (the fundamental pillar, both tool and maker of Science) and of inter‑relatedness of all ontological fields of UNIverse: physical, social, psychological and cultural. The tremendous development and correspondingly power of destruction of human (scientific) culture, urges the necessity of assuming, by the researchers and scientists from any scientific field, the categorical imperative of responsibility for the results and consequences of scientific research, products and by‑products, either obvious or accidental. From here the chief task of social and cultural disciplines for the objective (!) critique of ideals and value judgments. The future of human race depends on the openness and maturation of scientific idealogy(s).

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SUPEREROGATORY ACTIONS AND THEIR MORAL VALUE

Laura CIUBOTARAŞU–PRICOP    << Back to contents

Abstract: Actions to help those who are in an extreme situation fall within supererogatory acts, i.e. “it would be better” to occur, but the inaction is not sanctioned, “not wrong.” The two phrases, “right” and “wrong” applies the same people in the same circumstances, with the same obligations. In this paper I will try to determine the moral value of the supererogatory actions at an individual level, taking into account the institutional commitments that political decisions are determined by cultural, ideological contexts, and likely to violating moral principles. The supererogatory acts will be analyzed from two perspectives: a) the effective action derived from a personal ethics (classical utilitarianism), b) strategic actions arising from impersonal considerations related to consequences (utilitarianism). To grasp how individuals perceive and evaluate the quality of the supererogatory actions a questionnaire (testing hypotheses) was applied. Through this, it was intended, on the one hand, to establish the coordinates of which the supererogatory actions are placed (as defined as actions that lie beyond the debt), on the other hand, at another level of analysis it ranged the attempt to distinguish between the consequences and conditions of performing (reciprocity) supererogatory actions.
Keywords: supererogatory acts, utilitarianism, consequencialism,

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HUMANITAS ROMANA AND EDICTUM MEDIOLANENSE. INTER‑CONDITIONALITIES AND TRANSITIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF EQUITY AND TOLERANCE

Iulian‑Gabriel HRUŞCĂ    << Back to contents

Abstract: The humanist education of the empire’s elites led to the creation of global forms of connectivity based on the notions generated by the concept of humanitas Romana, useful for an efficient and a successful administration and for maintaining a shared culture of toleration and understanding over all space governed by Rome. Constantine the Great was influenced by this humanist education of the Roman elites, but also by a Christian education. Combining the notions of humanitas with the teachings of Christianity, Constantine changed the religious strategy of the Roman state. Christianity became an official religion of the empire together with other religions and cults. In fact, Constantine the Great legislated – in some degree, as an application of humanitas – not Christianity, but toleration and equity. The Roman Empire will be governed for a period of time by a policy of universal religious toleration.
Keywords: humanitas Romana, toleration, equity.

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HUMAN RIGHTS AND AMERICAN TRADITIONS

Alexandru BOBOC‑COJOCARU    << Back to contents

Abstract: Since the beginning, the United States has recognized and respected the rights of individuals. Besides serving as custodian of a rich historical and political tradition on human rights, the United States has contributed greatly to the crystallization of International human rights legislation through the establishment of the United Nations Organization and the development of the United Nations Charter. From my perspective, the real dilemma faced by the United States has included so far the issue of solving specific problems related to human rights, the way in which human rights considerations combine with other factors of foreign policy and the way of creating a sustainable public consensus in support of their policy on the realm of human rights. In my opinion it is unlikely that these efforts should ever be entirely solved successfully. That’s why, in this paper, I try to analyze the correlation between moral and pragmatic components of the U.S. policy on human rights in the last 40 years.
Keywords: Human rights, United States of America, foreign policy, political culture, constitutional tradition.

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THE CIVILISATION DIALOGUE IN THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS: S.P. HUNTINGTON THEORY AFTER 20 YEARS

Aurelian LAVRIC    << Back to contents

Abstract: The globalization is the contemporary international context and is aimed at integration processes of world economy, cultural interactions etc. In 1993 Samuel P. Huntington published the article “The Clash of Civilizations?”, in which he presented the theory of multi‑polar world, which was established after the Cold War. Underlying each of the nine civilizations Huntington set a religion (confession). The researcher noted possible conflicts between communities belonging to different civilizations. Therefore, in the new context the civilizational dialogue is vitally important, to ensure the international security. It can take various forms: meetings of leaders of churches, festivals, programs and media exchanges (“people to people”) etc. Twenty years after the publication of Huntington’s theory, the present day trend in international relations is to strengthen the international organizations to which countries from different civilizations belong. The Republic of Moldova, located by Huntington in the Slavic‑Orthodox civilization can integrate into Western civilization space.
Keywords: Globalization, Multipolar World Civilizations, Religion, Conflict, International Terrorism, Dialogue, EU, NATO, the Republic of Moldova.

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RECONTEXTUALIZATION OF HUMAN IDENTITY BY APPLYING COMMUNICATION‑COMMUNION BINOMINAL

Mina‑Maria RUSU    << Back to contents

Abstract: The issues of identity are a domain of much debate, especially in the context in which the concept of globalization is perceived as a major threat to the elements which identify an individual, a nation, a culture in the wider space of the mundane universe. From a semnatic persective, the meanings of identity can lead to a reshaping of the connection between myself and the world on the basis of the process of communication. In fact, identity is an integrated part of existence, be it on macrosystemic level, be it on the level of each individual being. Needless to say, the second dimension, the one having in view the human being, is organically linked to the macrosystem, and the general identity, that of the nation, is the context which highlights the personal identity. Reference to the idea of national identity, has the role of drawing attention to a fundamental element in the process of the integration of the individual into community, by his assuming the national values and subordinating his personal values to the former ones. The common language, religion and the national territory are the primordial elements by means of which a person’s cohesion with the whole community is acheived. Considering the personal identity in relation to these coordinates has the role of integrating the human being in society, in a stable identity environment, historically based and culturally and socially acknowledged.
Keywords: Keywords: binominal,communication‑communion, human coordinates, social coordinates, deixis, coe‑symbol‑mythisation, illo tempore, integrating therapy

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