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Table of Contents Vol:12 Issue 4/2022

INSUFFICIENT TRANSPARENCY – A MAJOR SHORTCOMING OF CONTEMPORARY DIPLOMATIC COMMUNICATION
Mihail ORZEAŢĂ1

PEACE AND WAR IN THE 21ST CENTURY – THE OPINIONS OF A DIPLOMAT
Viorel ISTICIOAIA BUDURA1

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN THE FACE OF THE ENERGY CRISIS
Radu Petru ŞERBAN1

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA SELF-PRESENTATION ON THE TERTIARY INSTITUTION STUDENTS’ SELF-ESTEEM IN CROSS RIVER STATE
George Bassey AKOR1, Erungworo Odey BONIFACE1

THE INFLUENCE OF NEW MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF ADAMAWA STATE POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS, YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Hunbosutupwa Friday BAYANI1

THE RELATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF JOURNALISTS AND COMMUNICATORS
Victoria BULICANU1

THE USE OF ART WORKS IN THE DIDACTIC COMMUNICATION IN UNIVERSITIES
Anca Raluca PURCARU1

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION AND STUDENT MOTIVATION IN MIXED ABILITY CLASSROOMS
Adrian BRUNELLO¹, Florina-Elena BRUNELLO²

THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM EDUCATION AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
Alexandra Gabriela BURLACU1

INSUFFICIENT TRANSPARENCY – A MAJOR SHORTCOMING OF CONTEMPORARY DIPLOMATIC COMMUNICATION

Mihail ORZEAŢĂ1    << Back to contents

Abstract
The 21st century diplomacy undergoes a significant
transformation process, mainly characterised by the loss
of the state’s monopoly because of the participation of the
non-statal actors in the diplomatic process and the
expansion of the use of digital communication in the
formal relations between states. Diplomatic communication
should, among other features, be transparent and efficient.
Transparency in diplomatic communication was once
again brought to public attention at the end of World War
I by the former American president Woodrow Wilson.As
democracy was implemented in more and more states, and
the means of communication, especially the digital ones,
reached a very high technological level, transparency in
diplomatic communication improved, on the background
of the citizens’ pressure on national and international
decision-makers, in order to increase openness to public
opinion.The WikiLeaks disclosures led to significant, both
positive and negative, effects, in the content and practice
of diplomacy. One of the most important ones refers to the
transparency of diplomatic communication, which
represents a requirement for the credibility and legitimacy
of the actions of political decision-makers and of
diplomacies in the relations with other states and with
their own citizens. The request of initiators and of the
collaborators of WikiLeaks to apply complete transparency
in diplomatic communication was and is still perceived
with care and also even rejected by a large number of
decision makers and of diplomats. Despite all these
reservations, transparency is still applied in many of the
activities belonging to public diplomacy, but there are still
some shortcomings.
Keywords: diplomatic communication, public diplomacy,
secret diplomacy, traditional diplomacy, transparency in
diplomatic communication.

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PEACE AND WAR IN THE 21ST CENTURY – THE OPINIONS OF A DIPLOMAT

Viorel ISTICIOAIA BUDURA1    << Back to contents

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to share some of my
opinions from the perspective of a diplomat, of a
practitioner, who has worked for four decades in the
Romanian, European and multilateral diplomacy. Each of
these areas of diplomatic practices have particular
specificities, perceptions and representations when it
comes to the developments of the bilateral and international
relations which highlight some significant aspects for the
present work. Distilled in the background of experience,
they simply and essentially mean: the recognition of the
value of diplomacy as an active and loyal commitment to
defending the national interests, the spirit of international
cooperation, in favour of dialogue, negotiation, the search
for possible reciprocal accommodations, moderate
concessions and reciprocal benefit. I am certain that there
are multiple opportunities for people to benefit from the
information and assessments that are communicated by
well-known sources. I wish to further this understanding
with my reflections and to encourage people to take part
in debates, which are encouraged by the academic
environment of the city of Iasi and of Apollonia University.
Keywords: diplomacy, war, peace.

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THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN THE FACE OF THE ENERGY CRISIS

Radu Petru ŞERBAN1    << Back to contents

Abstract
The current energy crisis, unprecedented since that of
oil in 1973, tests the European economic diplomacy in the
face of the new external and intra-community challenges.
While the external disturbances of the energy flows put
pressure on catalysing a more unitary voice, on the inside,
more solidarity is being sought out. The European External
Action Service and the national diplomacies, supported by
the internal actions of the European institutions, try to
reduce the negative effects of the recent disturbances on
the energy market. The European energy security therefore
becomes a major priority and the diplomacy makes a
common front in the face of a danger currently known as
“the energy weapon.” Where do the boundaries of the
European diplomacy lie when it comes to this weapon?
Keywords: energy crisis, European economic diplomacy,
diplomatic communication.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA SELF-PRESENTATION ON THE TERTIARY INSTITUTION STUDENTS’ SELF-ESTEEM IN CROSS RIVER STATE

George Bassey AKOR1, Erungworo Odey BONIFACE1    << Back to contents

Abstract
This research study assessed the influence of social
media self-presentation on the self-esteem of tertiary
institution students in Cross River State. The following
variables were measured: commonly used social media
platforms for self-presentation, various ways the social
media are employed for self-presentation; images of self
they seek to project using social media, how audience
feedback affect their self-esteem and their level of
satisfaction on positive feedback from deceptive selfpresentation.
The study was built on the self-presentation
theory. The study adopted a mixed method, using
quantitative (survey) and qualitative (focus group
discussion) approaches as its research designs. The work
adopted a structured questionnaire and a FGD guide as
instruments for data collection. A total of 400 respondents
were chosen via a multi-stage sampling procedure while
8 participants were purposively selected for the focus
group discussion. Data from the questionnaire were
analysed using SPSS and FGD and thematically analysed
using the Explanation building method. At the end of the
study, it was found that despite tertiary institution students
in Cross River State involvement in manipulating their
self-presentation by editing and posting information,
pictures or video that don’t reflect reality in order to attract
positive feedback still have this sense of low self-judgement
knowing that the self they seek to present doesn’t reflect
their true identity. It is therefore recommended that there
should be an increased media education among students
of tertiary institutions as it affects the use of social media;
improvement in students’ knowledge about the social
media; Social media contents to be digested with caution
and monitoring, regulation and guidance of the contents
consumed by the student users and so on.
Keywords: Social Media, Self-preservation, Self-esteem,
students, Tertiary, Institutions.

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THE INFLUENCE OF NEW MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF ADAMAWA STATE POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS, YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Hunbosutupwa Friday BAYANI1    << Back to contents

Abstract
Internet usage has become very relevant both for
educational progression and for business enterprises.
Social media represents a superhighway for connecting
and information sharing for researches. This usage of the
internet has led to the influence of many practices such as
cyberbullying, online pornography and gaming addiction,
that tends to detriment academics performance. This study
examined the influence of new media on the academic
performance of students in Adamawa State Polytechnic,
Yola. The study population is 20,000 students at the time
of the research and Taro Yamane’s sampling Determinism
Formula was used to draw up the sample size of 375. The
study found out that students have knowledge of the new
media and that they use it regularly for studies, whenever
they have an assignment or examination. The researcher
recommended that instructors could achieve a feasibility
of attaining maximum curriculum outline when
assignments should be recommended to be done online.
In addition, professional development is necessary for the
integration of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) to aid learning.
Keywords: Academic Performance, Networking Site, New
Media, Student, Technology.

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THE RELATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF JOURNALISTS AND COMMUNICATORS

Victoria BULICANU1    << Back to contents

Abstract
The relations between journalists and communicators
were never considered ones of friendship and an example
of positive and strong collaboration. The article below tries
to reveal the contradictions in the perception of these
professions, from one side and the other, the opinions of
different researchers in the media and communication field
regarding this problem and why a contradictory
relationship characterizes the communication process
between journalists and communication specialists from
the most diverse institutions. This article also presents the
objective and the subjective, controversies perceived by
journalists against the background of several actions of
communicators and spokespeople, as well as the
communicators’ controversies when it comes to journalists.
Keywords: relational framework, controversy, human
resources, media institution, public institution, professional
interaction, negotiation, professionalism.

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THE USE OF ART WORKS IN THE DIDACTIC COMMUNICATION IN UNIVERSITIES

Anca Raluca PURCARU1    << Back to contents

Abstract
In this article I describe the use of art works as
alternative to introduction seminaries at the academic
courses, namely children`s illustrated books that have
important teachings for both children and adults, and
cinematographic art works that are relevant for illustrating
the main concepts of the courses. The art works, I suggest,
generate debate on important topics and represent a
pertinent way of didactic communication. I therefore
present my suggestions from two courses: Institutional and
Personal Branding and Intercultural Communication.
Keywords: branding, intercultural communication,
cinematographic art, children`s books.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION AND STUDENT MOTIVATION IN MIXED ABILITY CLASSROOMS

Adrian BRUNELLO¹, Florina-Elena BRUNELLO²    << Back to contents

Abstract
As time goes by the world of education encounters new
teaching and research methods. Students do not learn the
same and teachers do not teach the same as they did a few
decades ago. If teachers use the same activities and teaching
methods for all students then their message will only reach
a part of their target audience. But this is not what teachers
aim at. Their goal is to teach most, if not all, students. Here
is where the concept of differentiated instruction steps in.
It represents a way of perceiving both teaching and
learning so that it allows variety to become part of the daily
routine of the present-day mixed ability classrooms.
Nowadays, students perceive learning differently and
therefore teachers have to make sure they provide students
with numerous options in classrooms. The purpose of this
article is to review the specialised literature which deals
with the relationship between student motivation and
differentiated instruction within the mixed-ability
classrooms.
Keywords: differentiated instruction, motivation,
engagement, mixed-ability classrooms.

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THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM EDUCATION AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

Alexandra Gabriela BURLACU1    << Back to contents

Abstract
The relationship between tourism education and the
tourism industry has changed over time. In previous
decades, there has been less emphasis on how people
travel in their own country or to another country for leisure
purposes than today. However, not all countries are
equally interested in these topics at present, one of the
reasons being the differences in culture between nations.
Tourism education is a field that has seen rapid growth
and expansion in recent years. While the tourism industry
is booming, tourism education is also transformed by new
perspectives on how to teach students about tourism. This
paper explores the relationship between tourism education
and the tourism industry. Tourism is one of the largest
sources of employment in many countries. Its industry
plays an important role in the economic development, as
it generates income and spreads wealth in all communities.
Tourism education is a fast-growing field. It is important
to understand the relationship between tourism education
and the tourism industry, as well as the effects of the
modernization of tourism programs. The upgraded
curriculum will be more relevant to the life and career of
students, but it will also provide a better understanding of
how tourism fits around the world.
Keywords: education in tourism, tourism industry,
modernization, symbiotic relationship.

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